解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Bioassay and laboratory survey schedules can be generated using a radioisotope inventory program. This paper discusses the use of laboratory activity, past performance and operational factors for laboratory survey frequency determination, and use of laboratory activity for bioassay scheduling. Mayo Clinic has recently...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least 350,000 workers at U.S. radiation facilities are being followed up to monitor their mortality experience, with particular reference to cancer. Although these studies are expensive, they are needed from the standpoint of public health and radiation protection; they also provide a useful check that the risk ext...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00007
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Western Canada, there are many plants that process natural gas to remove impurities (CO2, H2S, H2O) and recover natural gas liquids (propane, butane, etc.). Trace quantities of 222Rn present in the inlet stream are concentrated in streams rich with propane. Potential hazards to plant operators include direct inhala...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00016
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine thyroid glands from different countries in Europe and human thyroid glands from Lower Saxony (Federal Republic of Germany) show isotopic 129I/127I ratios of 2.1 X 10(-9) to 8.2 X 10(-8) for cattle and 2.1 X 10(-9) to 8 X 10(-8) in humans. These values give information about the concentration of fallout 129I in ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199005000-00006
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Power-frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic fields produced by electric blankets are estimated from data on blanket design using a three-dimensional computer model. Maximum, minimum, and volume-average fields within human forms are presented as a function of blanket type and a number of geometric factors including body size, ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199004000-00012
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical workers constitute the largest group of individuals occupationally exposed to radiation, and their collective dose equivalent is exceeded only by persons employed in the nuclear fuel cycle. Although medical workers have increased in number by about 50% over the past two decades, their collective dose has stead...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199003000-00002
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results are presented from a statewide survey that measured annual 222Rn concentrations in over 2000 single-family, owner-occupied homes in New York state. The participants were selected by a random-digit-dialing telephone interview approach developed by Mitofsky-Waksberg which allows inferences to be made from the sa...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199002000-00001
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation of the performance of a diffusion barrier, charcoal-based 222Rn monitor under several artificial environmental conditions showed that both temperature and relative humidity levels affect 222Rn uptake. A physical model was developed adequately describing the temperature effects, while an empirical mode...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199001000-00002
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fallout 137Cs levels in soil were measured at 11 diverse sites throughout Montana. Concentrations in near-surface samples ranged from 20-200 mBq g-1 (0.51-5.41 pCi g-1). Most of the 137Cs was in the top 10 cm of soil. Deeper occurrences were attributed to disturbances by animals and to interstitial flow of small sedim...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198912000-00010
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 380 Chinese adults of both sexes were studied for their total body K and 40K using the National Tsing Hua University whole-body counter. The K values were found to have an average of 1.75 +/- 0.4 g K kg-1 body weight for males and 1.41 +/- 0.1 g K kg-1 body weight for females. The average K value for both se...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198911000-00006
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radioactivity of coals and ashes from Spanish coal power plants (CPP) was evaluated. This radioactivity is due mainly to 40K and the U and Th series. The samples were measured in secular equilibrium using a NaI(T1) detector. The annual average airborne releases were also evaluated. An atmospheric dispersion model ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198911000-00010
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 3H concentration in Japanese human tissue samples is reported in this paper. Four brain, 10 liver, and nine lung samples from 11 cases were collected from Akita Prefecture in northern Japan from January to July 1986. The median of free-water 3H concentration was similar in these tissues and agreed well with the co...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198910000-00006
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical efficacy and safety may be compromised if output from ultrasonic therapy transducers differs significantly from the indicated value. Space-averaged effective intensities selected for treatment are a ratio of the emitted ultrasonic power to the effective radiating area (ERA). In this study, ERA measurements fo...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198910000-00017
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radionuclide contents of conventional natural raw building materials, coal ash and slag, and finished building products have been determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results of brick measurements in their original geometry and in crushed form are compared. The radioactive concentrations in cement and sand, mo...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198909000-00004
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is presented to analyze the retention of Pu in the major deposition organs of the beagle dog and predict the dynamic behavior of skeletal labels. The kinetic part describing the gross organ distribution was represented by a compartment model. A fit to empirical retention equations of liver and skeleton yielded...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198909000-00011
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement through the environment and the toxicity to plants of 99Tc have been studied. However, information is scanty on 99Tc toxicity to mammals even though this is the decisive criterion for assessing the consequences of releases of Tc. A critical tissue could be the thyroid because of its preferential accumulat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198908000-00014
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal absorption of 99mTc given as pertechnetate (TcO4-) was studied in female goats and swine. In goats given TcO4- orally, only a small fraction of the given radioactivity was found in milk (x = 0.1% of dose) and urine (x = 1.2% of dose). These figures were not substantially changed by pre-treatment with I....
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198908000-00012
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a continuation of previous research on worst case transportation accidents involving radioactive material (Dodd and Humphries 1988a), and protective action guidance for radioactive material transportation accidents (Dodd and Humphries 1988b), this paper describes the risks from such accidents in Oregon. Radioactive...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907000-00016
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electric (E) and magnetic field (B) strengths or flux densities were measured at distances of 30 and 50 cm from the screen of video displays at a frequency range from 30 Hz to 1 MHz. The measurement system consisted of an optically coupled active dipole for E-fields, a magnetic field meter, a digital oscilloscope, a p...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907000-00010
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer death rates from the Beaumont-Hague "canton," where a nuclear facility is located, were compared with those for the Manche "département." No significant increase was found in cancer deaths during 1970-1982 for leukemias and in 1975-1982 for all other types of malignant tumors. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198906000-00005
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of occupational limits (ELs) in the outdoor laser environment requires an understanding of the radiometric methods required to evaluate field exposures with respect to the ELs. The limiting aperture required to adequately specify the EL must always be kept in mind. Since all exposure limits are defined...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198905000-00018
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of laboratory animal retinal exposure to green monochromatic laser radiation show an increasing stability of tissue with increasing pulse duration up to 10(-1) s. This mechanism of biological response of the eye to light damage is fundamental to living systems. It does not manifest itself in animals under deep...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198905000-00004
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved health effects models have been developed for assessing the early effects, late somatic effects and genetic effects that might result from low-LET radiation exposures to populations following a major accident in a nuclear power plant. All the models have been developed in such a way that the dynamics of popul...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198904000-00001
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ICRP effective dose equivalent has been compared with a weighted dose equivalent, computed by treating the entire remainder instead of the sample of five remainder organs in the ICRP method as uniformly radiosensitive, for dose distributions from three common diagnostic exposures: chest, dental full-mouth and dent...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198904000-00012
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to assess the contribution of phosphate feed supplements to the radiation exposure of the population in Israel. The phosphates usually contain appreciable quantities of U and its daughters and the actual exposure of human consumers depends, to a very large extent, on the degree of equi...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198903000-00006
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of the gross beta activity of snow samples from four Alpine glaciers contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident and a gamma-spectrum analysis of selected samples are reported. The results are discussed with respect to possible risks to the population from using meltwater from ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198901000-00002
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved lung models provide a more accurate assessment of dose from inhalation exposures and, therefore, more accurate dose-response relationships for risk evaluation and exposure limitation. Epidemiological data for externally irradiated persons indicate that the numbers of excess respiratory tract carcinomas differ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00036
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate extrapolation of animal toxicity data for human health risk assessment requires determination of the effective dose to the target tissue and the sensitivity of the target tissue to that dose. The methodology for deriving reference doses [the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) benchmark values for ga...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00022
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the assessment of risk, several factors affect predictions: selection of reactive agent, selection of tumor incidence data, modeling of dose, scaling across species, adjustment for differences in duration and frequency of exposure, and selection of the most suitable risk extrapolation model. If the endpoints, expos...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00046
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The geometrical structure of the lung is one of the main factors governing inhaled particle deposition; structural differences among different species are, therefore, of great importance for extrapolation modeling. A statistical analysis of morphometric data for the human and rat tracheobronchial tree reveals signific...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00005
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were obtained from the literature for gonad and body weights and for the Pu or Ce content of the gonads and body at death for several laboratory animal species, five human Pu injection cases, and 731 human adults exposed environmentally to Pu in fallout. Data for Pu concentration in gonads, liver, and bone sample...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907001-00012
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to provide tissue distribution data of 244Cm that was inhaled by beagle dogs. Two chemical forms that were presumed to bracket the solubility of pure Cm compounds in vivo were used: 244Cm2O3 (oxide) and 244Cm(NO3)3 (nitrate). Adult dogs of both sexes received a single brief pernasal exposure to...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198812000-00007
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentration factors (CFs) for 27 radionuclides in marine and freshwater fish were reviewed, as were factors that may influence the dose commitment to man resulting from the consumption of fish. These factors include environmental partitioning, ecological trophic level discrimination and specific tissue accumulation ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198811000-00004
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author was invited to talk about ICRP perceptions of a look to the future. Many questions will be addressed when the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiates a revision of its basic recommendations from 1977, which were published in ICRP Publication 26. This process will take several ye...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00004
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the spatial and temporal distribution of microscopic radiation doses lead to potentially important questions regarding conventional approaches to radiation protection. The short ranges of alpha-particle and Auger-electron emissions from radionuclides lead to uncertainties in assessing their hazards. The con...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00015
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing risk from manmade and naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment has long been of primary interest in radiation protection. Early investigations and decisions relied on direct measurements of radiation in environmental media; however, these techniques were inadequate for determining exposure to hum...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00027
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is fundamental that a given cancer case cannot be attributed with absolute certainty to a prior ionizing radiation exposure, whatever the level of exposure. It is possible to estimate the probability of a causal relationship based on data and models that have been inferred from group statistics. Two types of inform...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00038
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential harm to a population exposed to radiation from a nuclear accident, such as the one that recently occurred at the Chernobyl plant in the Soviet Union, is of concern to many individuals. The average dose to a population is a useful index of harm (IH) only for linear, nonthreshold-type, quantal (i.e., all-o...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198808000-00048
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported here are results of a 1982 national survey in France to establish the collective effective dose equivalent associated with the main types of radiological examinations practiced annually in this country (except nuclear medicine, C.T. scans, dental radiology and mass chest screening). This report describes the ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198804000-00002
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations and the organ distribution patterns of 228Th, 230Th and 232Th in two 9-y-old dogs of our beagle colony were determined. The dogs were exposed only to background environmental levels of Th isotopes through ingestion (food and water) and inhalation as are humans. The organ distribution patterns of the...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198803000-00006
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00